Colombia and Panama are failing their duties to protect and safeguard hundreds of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers embarking on the treacherous journey across the Darién Gap, according to a report from Human Rights Watch (HRW). The report, called “Neglected in the Jungle: Inadequate Protection and Assistance for Migrants and Asylum Seekers Crossing the Darién Gap,” is the second from the non-profit organization addressing migration issues within this perilous region.
The study reveals how, in 2023, over half a million individuals traversed the Darién Gap, often as part of their journey to the United States. There has been a staggering rise in these figures over recent years, growing from a few thousand in 2019 and 2020, to 133,726 in 2022, and then doubling twice again by 2023. Those making the journey consisted of an array of nationalities, incorporating Venezuelans, Haitians, Ecuadorians, and individuals from Asia and Africa.
Panama, which has been notable for its hostile attitude towards migrants, has implemented policies that impede free movement within the country’s borders. The objective seems to be to swiftly transfer migrants and asylum seekers to Costa Rica rather than addressing their needs or ensuring their right to seek asylum is upheld. Furthermore, in March, Panama halted the operations of Médecins Sans Frontières in the region, intensifying the risks faced by these individuals. Colombia also came under criticism in the report for its unclear strategies and its limited presence in the region, leaving people vulnerable to armed groups. The report included numerous accounts of kidnap, sexual abuse, and extreme violence from those who attempted the crossing.
The Darién Gap is a geographical location at the border between Colombia and Panama. Renowned as one of the most dangerous routes worldwide, this region marks the only point where the Pan-American Highway, a road that spans roughly 30,000 kilometres, comes to an end. With crackdowns on alternative routes by sea and air, many migrants and asylum seekers feel they have no choice but to traverse this region, which comprises over sixty miles of steep terrain, dense rainforest, and swampland. This unforgiving environment hides the threat of disease, violence, and abuse from gangs operating in the area. It is believed that hundreds of people have disappeared while attempting this route.
HRW urges the governments of Panama and Colombia to address the situation in the Darién Gap, including undertaking efforts to investigate, prosecute and punish those responsible for violence and to support those reporting such crimes. They advocate working with humanitarian organisations and local communities in the region to protect the rights of migrants and asylum seekers travelling through this area.
Juanita Goebertus, the Americas Director at Human Rights Watch, stated that Colombian and Panamanian authorities could and should do more to guarantee the rights of migrants and asylum seekers crossing their countries, and also those of local communities that have experienced years of neglect. This implies a pressing need to address and rectify the increasing concerns surrounding migration across the Darién Gap.