The United Nations Security Council has officially extended the existing sanctions against South Sudan for another year through the adoption of Resolution 2731 (2024). This resolution, which received nine votes in favor, none against, and six abstentions, maintains the framework of asset freezes, travel bans, and an arms embargo imposed on the nation. The abstaining countries included Algeria, China, Guyana, Mozambique, the Russian Federation, and Sierra Leone.
The council emphasized the necessity for member states to monitor and prevent unlawful arms shipments to South Sudan, warning that such actions could exacerbate conflict and instability. This extension essentially continues the measures first imposed by paragraph 4 of Resolution 2428 (2018), directing all member states to restrict the direct or indirect supply of arms to South Sudan.
US Deputy Ambassador Robert Wood supported the continuation of the arms embargo, arguing that it remains crucial to limit the unfettered flow of weapons into a region already saturated with arms. He highlighted the disproportionate impact of violence on vulnerable populations, especially women and children.
However, several council members voiced concerns about the adverse effects of ongoing sanctions, suggesting that lifting the embargo could better support the South Sudanese government. China’s representative contended that the arms embargo hinders the government’s ability to protect its citizens, manage borders, and maintain social stability. Similarly, South Sudan’s representative declared that lifting the embargo would bolster governmental efforts in implementing peace agreements and increasing security.
Since declaring independence from Sudan in 2011, following a historic referendum and Comprehensive Peace Agreement, South Sudan has experienced significant turmoil, climaxing in a devastating civil war beginning in 2013. The conflict, which concluded with a 2018 peace agreement, resulted in approximately 400,000 deaths and displaced over four million people, according to an estimation.
Despite these efforts toward stabilization, the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan reported in March that widespread violence and severe human rights violations persist. Chairperson Yasmin Sooka highlighted the pervasive impunity among armed forces, militias, and state institutions, stressing that these issues urgently require resolution. More details are available on the JURIST website.