Gabon has taken a notable step towards re-establishing its democratic civilian governance following the approval of a new constitution by 91.5% of voters in a referendum held over the weekend. The move, orchestrated by the ruling junta, aims to disrupt the nation’s enduring 55-year legacy of dynastic rule, specifically targeting the tenure of former leader Ali Bongo Ondimba, who was removed from power by a military coup in August 2023. For further details, see the full report on JURIST.
The newly ratified constitution introduces substantial reforms, among them a presidential term limit set at two seven-year terms. Additionally, it abolishes the role of the prime minister and precludes dynastic succession, a move that notably restricts former president Ali Bongo, precluding him from future candidacy due to his marriage to a French woman. A presidential aspirant must now be Gabonese, with at least one parent born in Gabon, and a Gabonese spouse. More details on these constitutional changes are outlined in an article by Africa News.
Transitional President Brice Oligui Nguema described the referendum as a “great step forward” and assured a commitment to moving back to civilian rule after a planned transition period of two years. This intention aligns with the sentiments of the Gabonese citizens, where an Afrobarometer survey indicated that 87% believe the country is advancing in the right direction. Nonetheless, challenges such as unemployment, healthcare deficits, and rising living costs continue to be significant concerns.
Following the August coup, the interior ministry underscored a commitment to transparency during the referendum process, facilitated by the presence of international observers. Voter turnout was reported at 71%, a notable engagement by the population despite reports of minor delays across polling stations in the capital, Libreville. In a measure to maintain public confidence and order, the junta extended the curfew hours during the electoral period. For an overview of previous related events, refer to the August 2023 coup coverage on JURIST.