The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has released a report documenting violations of international humanitarian law in Sudan. This report follows a monitoring mission conducted by the Joint Human Rights Office in Sudan over nine days from November 21 to 30, 2023. It assessed the human rights situation of Sudanese refugees in South Sudan, revealing a series of attacks on civilians by armed forces, including the Rapid Support Forces (RAF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). These attacks constitute severe violations of international law, with reports from the mission highlighting indiscriminate attacks resulting in civilian casualties and other serious abuses.
The detailed findings, available in the OHCHR report, indicate multiple instances of conflict-related sexual violence, enforced disappearances, and looting. These incidents primarily occurred in Khartoum and the Darfur region, with around 67 civilians reportedly killed. The victims were allegedly targeted based on race, ethnicity, political affiliations, or economic situation.
The report underscores the weakening of state authority and the failure of conflict parties to respect international law. It references several international treaties to which Sudan is a signatory, including the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols. The violations entail directing attacks against civilians, which could be regarded as war crimes.
Recommendations from the OHCHR include an immediate cessation of hostilities and the resumption of political discussions towards a sustainable ceasefire. Compelling the conflicting parties to allow safe passage for civilians fleeing the violence and adhere to their legal obligations under international law is crucial. The report also urges the involved parties to take all necessary precautions to minimize civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure. Comprehensive investigations into these violations and ensuring victims’ access to justice and reparations are emphasized as essential steps forward.
Further insights into the ongoing crisis and the international response can be accessed through the full JURIST article.