Human Rights Watch (HRW) has called for the lifting of international sanctions against Syria, arguing that these measures obstruct the nation’s recovery and the reestablishment of vital services. The plea from HRW comes amid growing concerns that sanctions from the United States, European Union, and the United Kingdom continue to impede the country’s reconstruction efforts following the ousting of the Assad regime.
Hiba Zayadin, senior Syria researcher at HRW, highlighted the pressing need for reconstruction, stating, “Syria is in desperate need of reconstruction and Syrians are struggling to survive.” With the fall of the former government, key public services such as healthcare, water, electricity, and education face significant challenges in restoring operations, according to HRW.
The sanctions regime, particularly the United States’ Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, is noted for its stringent restrictions on goods exports to Syria, with exceptions only for humanitarian aid. This legislation also targets foreign companies involved with the Syrian government in sectors crucial for reconstruction, such as construction and energy. The US government has emphasized the continuation of humanitarian aid, stating that exemptions exist to permit essential supplies into Syria.
Similar sanctions by the EU and UK include a ban on purchasing Syrian crude oil and limitations on investments. HRW’s appeal includes easing these restrictions to facilitate access to global financial systems, lift trade restrictions on essential goods, and address energy sanctions to secure fuel and electricity supply.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has also weighed in, identifying humanitarian challenges following the return of displaced populations and calling for immediate support for healthcare and education in Syria. The US, under former president Joe Biden, made some concessions, such as waiving certain aid restrictions and allowing specific transactions with the Syrian government. The EU has similarly considered a gradual suspension of some restrictions, contingent on certain conditions being met.