In a significant move, United Nations human rights experts have expressed their concerns over Pakistan’s plan to deport Afghan refugees beginning on September 1, 2025. These deportations, under the “Illegal Foreigners Repatriation Plan,” would also affect Afghan refugees holding Proof of Registration (PoR) cards, marking a severe shift in Pakistan’s longstanding refugee policies. Many of these refugees have lived in Pakistan for decades, integrating into the social and economic fabric of the country.
The UN experts have underscored the potential violation of the international legal principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits the return of individuals to countries where they may face danger. This principle is firmly entrenched in international human rights treaties, obliging countries to protect refugees from encountering harm due to factors like race or political beliefs. The experts emphasize that “non-refoulement is not optional,” signaling a call for adherence to these international norms.
Particularly concerning is the scenario in Afghanistan post-Taliban takeover, which makes forced returns perilous. The UNHCR’s 2023 Guidance Note points to widespread displacement, exacerbated by significant human rights abuses targeting women and girls, including education bans and employment restrictions. Such conditions accentuate the arguments against returning refugees to such an environment.
Reports from Reuters mirror these concerns, highlighting documented incidences where Afghan returnees face persecution, including arbitrary arrests. The July report from the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) further details the risks, noting threats to former security personnel and those associated with the previous government.
While acknowledging Pakistan’s commendable history of hosting Afghan refugees, the experts cite the need for stronger international collaboration and support. They argue for expanded resettlement options and sustainable solutions that respect refugees’ rights. This stance has gained further traction following recent reports from Amnesty International documenting over 750,556 forced deportations from Pakistan and alleging systemic harassment against refugees.
The discourse continues as international bodies urge Pakistan to reconsider the plan, advocating for measures that balance national security concerns with international human rights obligations. The unfolding situation underscores a pressing need for global action to address the complexities surrounding refugee rights and regional stability.