In the aftermath of Tanzania’s 2025 elections, Human Rights Watch (HRW) has called for an investigation into reports of state repression during protests. These demonstrations, which erupted throughout the country in cities like Dar es Salaam, were in response to a perceived escalation in political suppression leading up to election day on October 29, 2025.
According to HRW, the response of Tanzanian security forces to the unrest was marked by roadblocks, gunfire, and beatings, leaving about a hundred individuals dead. Witnesses recounted grim scenes of arbitrary arrests and unlawful beatings, where bullets indiscriminately struck protestors and bystanders alike. These actions allegedly breach Tanzania’s obligations under international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
A Commission of Inquiry, established by President Samia Suluhu Hassan, has been charged with probing the election-related violence. However, questions loom regarding the impartiality and efficacy of this body. Composed of individuals with strong ties to the state, the Commission is criticized for its broad and unenforceable mandate, with its findings due by April 2026.
The political environment leading up to the vote was fraught with repression. Authorities allegedly targeted dissenting voices with forced disappearances, assaults, and suppression of media freedoms. A case in point is the disappearance of opposition activist Mpaluka Said Nyagali, who was reportedly beaten and abducted by individuals claiming police affiliation. Similarly, Chadema party leader Tundu Lissu faced arrest on charges of treason. His party was barred from election participation following its refusal to comply with a contentious government code of conduct.
Reportedly, the government also obstructed internet access and imposed arbitrary curfews, suppressing the flow of information on election day. These measures have drawn criticism for contravening international norms.
The international community watches closely as Tanzania navigates these challenges. Analysts and human rights organizations urge the government to uphold its commitment to democratic principles and ensure that future elections are free, fair, and transparent. The call for meaningful reforms and cessation of repressive policies resonates strongly amid these tumultuous times.