The Council of Europe has initiated the world’s first legally binding global treaty on artificial intelligence (AI), termed the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225). Launched at a conference in Vilnius, Lithuania, this agreement aims to ensure that AI systems uphold human rights, democratic values, and the rule of law.
Signatories to this treaty include the European Union (EU), the UK, the US, Israel, and several other nations. The treaty was adopted by the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers on May 17, 2024. It provides a comprehensive legal framework covering all phases of AI systems—from their design and development to their deployment and decommissioning—addressing potential risks while promoting responsible innovation using a technology-neutral approach.
This framework is designed to harmonize with EU law, particularly the EU AI Act. Officials from the EU were actively involved in the treaty’s negotiation process, ensuring that its principles align closely with the EU’s existing AI regulations. Key principles in the treaty include maintaining a human-centric approach consistent with human rights and democracy, a risk-based approach, and measures to ensure transparency, accountability, and safe innovation.
Once at least five signatories, including three Council of Europe member states, ratify the treaty, it will come into force within three months. This provision aims to facilitate effective implementation and encourages broader adoption. Contributions from 46 member states, the EU, and 11 non-member states, including the US, Japan, and Canada, were crucial in shaping the treaty. The private sector, civil society, and academia also participated in the process as observers.
Marija Pejčinović Burić, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, emphasized the treaty’s importance, noting that it provides a balanced approach and benefits from multiple expert perspectives. The treaty is also open to signatures globally, potentially leading to widespread international adoption. Additional treaty requirements mandate legal remedies for victims of AI-related human rights violations and procedural safeguards, such as informing individuals when they interact with AI systems.
For more details, see the original report on JURIST.